英文合同常用的制式詞匯

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合同文件是合同雙方簽訂并必須遵守的法律文件,因此合同中的語(yǔ)言應(yīng)體現(xiàn)其權(quán)威性.英文合同用語(yǔ)的特點(diǎn)之一就表現(xiàn)在用詞表達(dá)的意思準(zhǔn)確無(wú)誤,達(dá)到雙方對(duì)合同中使用的詞無(wú)可爭(zhēng)議的程度，也就是具有合同文體特色的制式詞匯。一.hereby英文釋義:by means of , by reason of this 中文譯詞:特此,因此,茲用法:常用于法律文件、合同、協(xié)議書等正式文件的開(kāi)頭語(yǔ)；在條款中需要強(qiáng)調(diào)時(shí)也可用。語(yǔ)法：一般置于主語(yǔ)后,緊鄰主語(yǔ).例1：The Employer hereby covenants to pay the Contractor in consideration of the execution and completion of the Works and the remedying of defects therein the Contract Price or such other sum as may become payable under the provisions of the Contract at the time and in the manner prescribed by the Contract.

業(yè)主特此立約保證在合同規(guī)定的期限內(nèi),按合同規(guī)定的方式向承包人支付合同價(jià),或合同規(guī)定的其它應(yīng)支付的款項(xiàng),以作為本工程施工、竣工及修補(bǔ)工程中缺陷的報(bào)酬。

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例2：We hereby certify to the best of our knowledge that the foregoing statement is true and correct and all available information and data have been supplied herein, and that we agree to provide documentary proof upon your request.特此證明，據(jù)我們所知，上述聲明內(nèi)容真實(shí)，正確無(wú)誤，并提供了全部現(xiàn)有的資料和數(shù)據(jù)，我們同意，應(yīng)貴方要求出具證明文件。

例3：This Contract is hereby made and concluded by and between Co. (hereinafter referred to as Party A) and Co. (hereinafter referred to as Party B) on (Date), in (Place), China, on the principle of equality and mutual benefit and through amicable consultation.

本合同雙方， 公司（以下稱甲方）與 公司（以下稱乙方），在平等互利基礎(chǔ)上，通過(guò)友好協(xié)商，于 年 月 日在中國(guó) （地點(diǎn)），特簽訂本合同。

例4：This agreement is hereby made and entered into on (Date), by and between Co. China (hereinafter referred to as Party A) and Co. (hereinafter referred to as Party B).

本協(xié)議特由中國(guó) 公司（以下簡(jiǎn)稱甲方）與 公司（以下簡(jiǎn)稱乙方）于 年 月 日訂立

二 hereof 英文釋義: of this 中文譯詞:關(guān)于此點(diǎn)；在本文件中用法:在表示上文已提及的“本合同的、本文件的……”時(shí)，使用該詞。例如表示本合同條件、條款時(shí)，可以說(shuō)“the terms, conditions and provisions hereof”，這里hereof表示“of this Contract”；又如表示本工程的任何部分，可用“any parts hereof”，這里hereof表示“of this Works”。一般置于要修飾的名詞的后面，與之緊鄰。hereof和thereof的區(qū)別：hereof強(qiáng)調(diào)“of this”。例如，上面的“the terms, conditions and provisions thereof”中的thereof表示of the Contract；“any parts thereof”中的thereof表示of the Works。例1 Whether the custom of the Port is contrary to this Clause or not, the owner of the goods shall, without interruption, by day and night, including Sundays and holidays (if required by the carrier), supply and take delivery of the goods. Provided that the owner of the goods shall be liable for all losses or damages including demurrage incurred in default on the provisions hereof.

不論港口習(xí)慣是否與本款規(guī)定相反，貨方都應(yīng)晝夜地，包括星期日和假日（如承運(yùn)人需要），無(wú)間斷地提供和提取貨物。貨方對(duì)違反本款規(guī)定所引起的所有損失或損壞，包括滯期應(yīng)負(fù)擔(dān)賠償責(zé)任。

例2 Foreign trade dealers as mentioned in this Law shall, in accordance with the provisions hereof, cover such legal entities and other organization as are engaged in foreign trade dealings.

本法所稱對(duì)外貿(mào)易經(jīng)營(yíng)者，是指依照本法規(guī)定從事對(duì)外貿(mào)易經(jīng)營(yíng)活動(dòng)的法人和其他組織。

例3 The establishment of a limited liability company or a company limited by shares shall comply with the conditions and provisions of this Law. A company complying with the conditions and provisions hereof may be registered as a limited liability company or a company limited by shares. Provided that if a company fails to comply with the conditions and provisions hereof, the company in question shall not be registered as a limited liability company or a company limited by shares.

設(shè)立有限責(zé)任公司、股份有限公司，必須符合本法規(guī)定的條件。符合本法規(guī)定的條件的，登記為有限責(zé)任公司或者股份有限公司；不符合本法規(guī)定的條件的，不得登記為有限責(zé)任公司或股份有限公司。

例4 If, as a result of withdrawal or any other reasons, an arbitrator fails to perform his duties as an arbitrator, another arbitrator shall, in accordance with the provisions hereof, be selected or appointed.

仲裁員因回避或者其它原因不能履行職責(zé)的，應(yīng)當(dāng)依照本法規(guī)定重新選定或指定仲裁員。

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例5 In the event of conflict between the provisions on arbitration formulated and prepared prior to the effective date of this Law and the provisions of this Law, the provisions hereof shall prevail.本法施行前制定的有關(guān)仲裁的規(guī)定與本法的規(guī)定相抵觸的，以本法為準(zhǔn)。

例6 Where, in accordance with laws, the circumstance(s) specified in Article 15 and Article 16 of this Law is /are confirmed, the organization with compensatory obligations shall pay compensation in any of the circumstance in question.Where the claimant for compensation demands the confirmation of one of the circumstances specified in Article 15 and Article 16 hereof, and the demanded organization refuses to make the confirmation, the claimant shall have the right to lodge a complaint. Where the claimant claims compensation, the claim, shall, first, be lodged to the organization for compensatory obligations.The provisions of Article 10, Article 11 and Article 12 hereof shall apply to/ in the procedures of compensation.

賠償義務(wù)機(jī)關(guān)對(duì)依法確認(rèn)有本法第十五條、第十六條規(guī)定的情形之一的，應(yīng)當(dāng)給予賠償。賠償請(qǐng)求人要求確認(rèn)有本法第十五條、第十六條規(guī)定情形之一的，被要求的機(jī)關(guān)不予確認(rèn)的，賠償請(qǐng)求人有權(quán)申訴。賠償請(qǐng)求人要求賠償，應(yīng)當(dāng)先向賠償義務(wù)機(jī)關(guān)提出。賠償程序適用本法第十條、第十一條、第十二條的規(guī)定。

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例7 If an arbitrator involved in one of circumstances specified in Item 4, Article 34 of this Law, and if it is serious, or those specified in Item 6, Article 58 hereof, the arbitrator in question shall, in accordance with the law, bear the legal liability and responsibility. The arbitration commission shall remove the name of the arbitrator in question from the list of arbitrators.

仲裁員有本法第三十四條第四項(xiàng)規(guī)定的情形，情節(jié)嚴(yán)重的，或者有本法第五十八條第六項(xiàng)規(guī)定的情形的，應(yīng)當(dāng)依法承擔(dān)法律責(zé)任，仲裁委員會(huì)應(yīng)當(dāng)將其除名。

例8 If, pursuant to this Law, the relevant responsible authorities with the duty of approvals fail to ｇｒａｎｔ approval to such an application as meets the requirements and provisions hereof, or the company registration authorities fail to register a company whose application meets the requirements hereof, the party in question may, in accordance with laws, apply for reconsideration or bring an administrative suit.依照本法，履行審批職責(zé)的有關(guān)主管部門，對(duì)符合本法條件的申請(qǐng)不予批準(zhǔn)，或負(fù)責(zé)公司登記的主管部門不予登記，當(dāng)事人可以依法申請(qǐng)復(fù)議或者提起行政訴訟。

例9 This Decision shall apply to the crimes committed against Article 9, Article 10 and Article 11 hereof by the staff and workers of enterprises other than limited liability companies and companies limited by shares.

有限責(zé)任公司、股份有限公司以外的企業(yè)職工有本決定第九條、第十條、第十一條規(guī)定的犯罪行為的，適用本決定。

例10 Companies registered and established prior to the effective date of this Law shall, in accordance with Laws, administrative regulations, local regulations and pursuant to the “Standard Opinion on Limited Liability Companies” or the “Standard Opinion on Companies Limited by Shares” issued by the relevant responsible department of the State Council, continue to exist.Those companies not completely satisfying the requirements of this Law shall, within the specified time limit, meet the requirements hereof. Specific methods for implementation of this Law will be set out in separate regulations issued by the State Council.

本法施行前已登記成立的公司，應(yīng)依照法律、行政法規(guī)、地方性法規(guī)和國(guó)務(wù)院有關(guān)主管部門制定的《有限責(zé)任公司規(guī)范意見(jiàn)》，和《股份有限公司規(guī)范意見(jiàn)》，繼續(xù)保留。其中不完全具備本法規(guī)定的條件的，應(yīng)當(dāng)在規(guī)定的期限內(nèi)達(dá)到本法規(guī)定的條件。具體實(shí)施辦法，由國(guó)務(wù)院另行規(guī)定。

例11 fair competition mentioned in this Law refers to acts of such business operators as contravene the provisions hereof, with a result of damaging the lawful rights and interests of other business operators, and disturbing the socio-economic order.

本法所稱的不正當(dāng)競(jìng)爭(zhēng)，是指經(jīng)營(yíng)者違反本法規(guī)定，損害其他經(jīng)營(yíng)者的合法權(quán)益，擾亂社會(huì)經(jīng)濟(jì)秩序的行為。

三 hereto 英文釋義: to this 中文譯詞:至此，在此上。用法:在表示上文已提及的“本合同的……本文件的……”時(shí)，使用該詞。例如表示“本合同雙方”，可以說(shuō)“the Parties hereto”，這里hereto表示“to this Contract”；表示“本協(xié)議附件4”，可用“Appendix 4 hereto”，這里hereto表示“to this Agreement”。語(yǔ)法：一般置于要修飾的名詞的后面，與之緊鄰。hereto和thereto的區(qū)別：同前面所言hereof和thereof的區(qū)別類似，hereto強(qiáng)調(diào)的是“to this”。例1 All disputes arising from the performance of this Contract shall, through amicable negotiations, be settled by the Parties hereto. Should, through negotiations, no settlement be reached, the case in question shall then be submitted for arbitration to the China International Economic and Trade Arbitration Commission, Beijing and the arbitration rules of this Commission shall be applied. The award of the arbitration shall be final and binding upon the Parties hereto. The Arbitration fee shall be borne by the losing party unless otherwise awarded by the Arbitration Commission.

對(duì)于因履行本合同所發(fā)生的一切爭(zhēng)議，本合同雙方應(yīng)友好協(xié)商解決，如協(xié)商無(wú)法解決爭(zhēng)議，則應(yīng)將爭(zhēng)議提交中國(guó)國(guó)際經(jīng)濟(jì)貿(mào)易仲裁委員會(huì)（北京），依據(jù)其仲裁規(guī)則進(jìn)行仲裁。仲裁裁決是終局性的，對(duì)雙方都有約束力。仲裁費(fèi)用應(yīng)由敗訴方承擔(dān)，但仲裁委員會(huì)另有裁定的除外。例2 “Patented Technology” means such patent, and such applications for the patent as are presently owned or will hereafter be acquired in the future by Party B, or as Party B has or may have the right to control, or as are permitted to be transferred during the effective period of this Contract in any or all countries of the world, and as are applicable to or may be used in the manufacture of Contract Products specified by the Parties hereto.“專利技術(shù)”，系指乙方目前擁有的或未來(lái)獲得的，或乙方有權(quán)或可能有權(quán)控制的，或在本合同有效期間在世界任何國(guó)家許可轉(zhuǎn)讓的，適用于或可能適用制造本合同雙方規(guī)定的本合同產(chǎn)品的專利和專利申請(qǐng)。例3 “Technical Documents” means the data and the information specified in Appendix 1 hereto, such as engineering, manufacturing and original information relating to the manufacture and maintenance of the Contract Products, including drawings, blueprints, design sheets, material specifications, photographs, photostats and general data, and design and their specifications relating to manufacturing euipment, tools and facilities. Provided that the above-mentioned information shall be such information as is only available to Party B and applicable to the business operation of Party A under this Contract.“技術(shù)資料”系指列于附件1與制造和維修合同產(chǎn)品有關(guān)的工程、制造及原始資料，包括與制造設(shè)備、工具和裝置有關(guān)的圖紙、藍(lán)本、設(shè)計(jì)圖表、材料規(guī)格、照片、影印資料和一般資料、設(shè)計(jì)及其說(shuō)明書等，但上述資料僅限于乙方擁有的資料和甲方用于本合同業(yè)務(wù)活動(dòng)的資料。例4 If Party B demands to audit the accounts of Party A, Party B shall, within 10 days after receiving the written notice issued by Party A under Sub-Clause 3.4 of this Contract, notify Party A of the mater in question. The specific contents and procedure of auditing accounts are detailed in Appendix 4 hereto.

乙方如需查核甲方的帳目時(shí)，應(yīng)在接到甲方依上述本合同第3.4款規(guī)定開(kāi)出的書面通知后10天之內(nèi)通知甲方，其具體的查帳內(nèi)容和程序詳見(jiàn)本合同附件4。例5 The parties to this Agreement agree that either Party hereto shall, immediately and fully, notify the other Party hereto of any such matters comprising an improvement, modification, further invention or design as the Party in question may discover, make or develop with respect to manufacture and assembly of the Licensed Products or components thereof.The Party discovering, making or developing the subject matter in question may, at its own expense and its own name, file application for Letter Patent or take other necessary legal steps to protect the same, and any patent arising therefrom shall belong to the Party in question. The other Party may, during the effective period hereof, make use of, and sell products utilizing such improvement, modification, further invention or design (whether patented or un-patented) without charge and royalty fee in any manner consistent with this agreement.

本協(xié)議各方同意，一方對(duì)于有關(guān)生產(chǎn)及裝配許可證產(chǎn)品或部件所做的改進(jìn)、修正、更新發(fā)明或設(shè)計(jì)均應(yīng)立即全部通知另一方。開(kāi)發(fā)改進(jìn)的一方可以自負(fù)費(fèi)用并以自身名義申請(qǐng)專利或采取其它必要的法律保護(hù)程序，由此產(chǎn)生的專利將屬于該方所有。在本協(xié)議的有效期內(nèi)，另一方可以與本協(xié)議不相矛盾的方式無(wú)償使用和銷售利用改進(jìn)、修正、更新本發(fā)明或設(shè)計(jì)（無(wú)論其是否取得專利權(quán)）生產(chǎn)的產(chǎn)品。例6 The Parties to this Agreement agree that Y shall supply to FCAM certain license and technical assistance for manufacturing Products. The Technical Assistance Agreement to be concluded between FCAM and Y shall be deemed to be an attachment as Appendix 2 hereto (hereinafter referred to as the “Technical Assistance Agreement”).本協(xié)議雙方同意Y將向FCAM提供有關(guān)生產(chǎn)產(chǎn)品的許可證和技術(shù)服務(wù)，F(xiàn)CAM和Y將訂立技術(shù)服務(wù)協(xié)議并作為本協(xié)議附件2（以下稱作“技術(shù)服務(wù)協(xié)議”）。例7 The Parties to this Agreement agree and ensure that FCAM will, to the maximum extent practicably possible, use the forms required by Y for such data on management and financial information as are given by FCAM to the Parties hereto, and that FCAM shall prepare and keep accounting and financial records and books available for inspection or audit by either Party hereto.

本協(xié)議雙方同意保證FCAM將盡實(shí)際可能最大限度地使用Y所要求的表格式樣，用于FCAM向協(xié)議各方提供管理和財(cái)務(wù)信息材料；并且FCAM應(yīng)建好會(huì)計(jì)和財(cái)務(wù)帳目以備協(xié)議雙方的檢查或?qū)徲?jì)。例8 The Parties to this Agreement agree that the Board of Directors authorized by the Parties hereto to administrate or manage FCAM shall be responsible for approving the overall business management plan of the company, and monitoring the execution of the plan in question. Provided that the business management plan in question shall be submitted to the Parties hereto for review and approval.

本協(xié)議雙方同意授權(quán)管理FCAM的董事會(huì)對(duì)公司整體經(jīng)營(yíng)計(jì)劃的報(bào)批和監(jiān)督執(zhí)行負(fù)責(zé)。該經(jīng)營(yíng)計(jì)劃需要提交協(xié)議雙方審閱和批準(zhǔn)。例9 The Parties to this Agreement agree, and will cause FCAM to agree, that Y will sell to FCAM, and FCAM will buy from Y, all such specialized machinery and equipment as is determined through mutual consultation by and between Y and FCAM for the effective utilization of the technical know-how supplied by Y to FCAM under the Technical Assistance Agreement at such prices and on such terms and conditions as are determined by and between the Parties hereto.

本協(xié)議雙方同意并將使FCAM同意Y將向FCAM出售，F(xiàn)CAM從Y購(gòu)買經(jīng)過(guò)Y和FCAM協(xié)商決定的特定機(jī)器設(shè)備，以保證根據(jù)技術(shù)服務(wù)協(xié)議由Y向FCAM提供的技術(shù)訣竅得到有效使用，并以協(xié)議雙方同意的價(jià)格和條件成交。例10 The termination of this Contract shall not in any way affect the outstanding claims and liabilities existing between the Parties hereto upon the expiration of the validity of the Contract and the debtor shall continue to be kept liable for paying the outstanding debts to the creditor.

本合同期滿時(shí)，雙方之間發(fā)生的未了債務(wù)不受合同期滿的影響，債務(wù)人應(yīng)向債權(quán)人繼續(xù)支付未了債務(wù)

四 herein 英文釋義:in this 中文譯詞:此中，于此用法:表示上文已提及的“本合同（中）的……，本法（中）的……”等時(shí)，使用該詞。如表示“本法（中）所稱的不正當(dāng)競(jìng)爭(zhēng)”，可譯為“unfair competition mentioned herein”，此處herein表示“in this Law”；表示“本協(xié)議（中）內(nèi)容”，譯為“the Contents herein”，此處herein表示“in this Agreement”。語(yǔ)法：置于所修飾詞后,緊鄰所修飾詞.例1 Unfair competition mentioned in this Law refers to such acts of business operators as contravene the provisions hereof, with a result of damaging the lawful rights and interests of other business operators, and disturbing the socio-economic order.Business operators mentioned herein refer to such legal persons, other economic organizations and individuals as engage in the trading of goods or profit-making services (hereafter called Goods including services).

本法所稱的不正當(dāng)競(jìng)爭(zhēng)，是指經(jīng)營(yíng)者違反本法規(guī)定，損害其他經(jīng)營(yíng)者的合法權(quán)益，擾亂社會(huì)經(jīng)濟(jì)秩序的行為。本法所稱的經(jīng)營(yíng)者，是指從事商品經(jīng)營(yíng)或營(yíng)利性服務(wù)（以下所稱商品包括服務(wù)）的法人、其他經(jīng)濟(jì)組織和個(gè)人。例2 This Law is hereby formulated and prepared in order to develop the foreign trade, maintain the foreign trade order and promote the healthy development of the socialist market economy.Foreign trade mentioned herein shall cover the import and export of goods, technology and the international trade in services.

為了發(fā)展對(duì)外貿(mào)易，維護(hù)對(duì)外貿(mào)易秩序，促進(jìn)社會(huì)主義市場(chǎng)經(jīng)濟(jì)的健康發(fā)展，茲制定本法。本法所稱對(duì)外貿(mào)易，是指貨物進(jìn)出口、技術(shù)進(jìn)出口和國(guó)際服務(wù)貿(mào)易。例3 The term “company” mentioned herein refers to such a limited liability company or such a company limited by shares as are established within the territory of China in accordance with this Law.

本法所稱公司是指依照本法在中國(guó)境內(nèi)設(shè)立的有限責(zé)任公司和股份有限公司。例4 Illegal gains from the crimes as specified in this Decision shall, if any, be confiscated. Where those commit crimes against the provisions herein, with their illegal gains to be confiscated, a fine imposed on, their property forfeited and a civil compensation assumed by, and their property and assets are insufficient for the payments of all the above items, they shall first be liable for the civil compensation.

犯本決定規(guī)定之罪有違法所得的，應(yīng)當(dāng)予以沒(méi)收。犯本決定規(guī)定之罪，被沒(méi)收違法所得、判處罰金、沒(méi)收財(cái)產(chǎn)、承擔(dān)民事責(zé)任的，其財(cái)產(chǎn)不足以支付時(shí)，先承擔(dān)民事賠償責(zé)任。例5 The terms “FOB”, “CFR” or “CIF” shall be subject to the “International Rules for the Interpretation of Trade Terms” (INCOTERMS, 2000) provided by International Chamber of Commerce (ICC) unless otherwise specified herein (in this Contract).

除非本合同另有規(guī)定，“FOB”、“CFR”和“CIF”均應(yīng)依照國(guó)際商會(huì)制定的《國(guó)際貿(mào)易術(shù)語(yǔ)解釋通則（INCOTERMS）2000》辦理。例6 Unless otherwise expressly provided for herein, if all disputes, controversies or differences arising out of or in relation to the execution of this Agreement between the Parties hereto, or any breach or default of the provisions hereof (including but not limited to, a dispute concerning the existence or continued existence of this Agreement, and the validity of the Arbitration Clause) fail to be settled amicably, the disputes, controversies or differences in question shall be submitted for arbitration.

除非另有明確表示，則由于執(zhí)行本協(xié)議所引發(fā)或與本協(xié)議有關(guān)的協(xié)議雙方的所有爭(zhēng)議、糾紛或歧意，以及任何違約及過(guò)失（包括，但不限于有關(guān)本協(xié)議存續(xù)的爭(zhēng)議，仲裁條款有效性的爭(zhēng)議），如不能以友好協(xié)商的方式解決，則提交仲裁。例7 The Agent shall, pursuant to the conditions and provisions specified herein, on the Disbursement Date, credit the funds received to such account as is specified by the Borrower under Sub-Clause 2.2 of this Contract.

代理行應(yīng)按照本合同規(guī)定的條件，在付款日將所收資金貸記入借款人根據(jù)2.2款指定的帳戶。例8 All the rights provided for herein (in this Contract) shall be cumulative and shall not be exclusive of any other rights, powers, privileges or remedies provided for by laws.

本合同規(guī)定的各項(xiàng)權(quán)利是累加的，并不排除法律規(guī)定的其它權(quán)利、權(quán)力、特權(quán)或補(bǔ)救方法。例9 Now Therefore, under the consideration of the mutual promises made by the Parties to this Agreement, the Parties hereto agree the contents herein as follows:據(jù)此，以本協(xié)議雙方相互承諾為對(duì)價(jià)，就下述內(nèi)容達(dá)成一致：例10 The Borrower shall, under this Agreement and the Note, fulfill the obligations of making all payments. All the reimbursements to the Bank shall be free and clear of any other charges and exempt from all taxes and such reimbursements as are received by the Bank will not be subject to taxes. The Borrower shall, under this Agreement, pay all taxes as provided for herein.

借款人應(yīng)按照本協(xié)議和票據(jù)完成所有支付義務(wù)。向銀行的償付應(yīng)是不附帶其它費(fèi)用并且是免稅的，而且銀行所收到的償付款項(xiàng)不含任何稅務(wù)。借款人應(yīng)按本協(xié)議承擔(dān)全部本協(xié)議規(guī)定的稅務(wù)。

五 hereinafter 英文釋義:later in the same Contract 中文譯詞:以下,在下文語(yǔ)法:一般與referred to as, called等詞組連用，以避免重復(fù)，置于這些詞組前面，與之緊鄰。例1： In accordance with the Law of the People’s Republic of China on Chinese-Foreign Equity Joint Ventures and the Contract signed by and between Co. (hereinafter referred to as Party A) and Co. (hereinafter referred to as Party B), the articles of association hereby is formulated and prepared.

根據(jù)《中華人民共和國(guó)中外合資經(jīng)營(yíng)企業(yè)法》以及由 公司（以下稱甲方）與 公司（以下稱乙方）所訂的合資經(jīng)營(yíng)的合同，特制訂本公司章程。例2 Financial institutions with foreign capital mentioned in these Regulations refer to the following financial institutions that are established and operate in China upon approval in accordance with the relevant laws and regulations of the People’s Republic of China:(1) subsidiary banks incorporated by foreign capital whose head offices are in China (hereinafter referred to as foreign banks);(2) branches of foreign bank in China (hereinafter referred to as foreign bank branches);(3) banks incorporated jointly by foreign and Chinese financial institutions (hereinafter referred to as equity joint-venture banks);(4) finance companies incorporated by foreign capital whose head offices are in China (hereinafter referred to as foreign finance companies); and(5) finance companies incorporated jointly by foreign and Chinese financial institutions (hereinafter referred to as equity joint-venture finance companies).本條例所稱外資金融機(jī)構(gòu)，是指依照中華人民共和國(guó)有關(guān)法律、法規(guī)的規(guī)定，經(jīng)批準(zhǔn)在中國(guó)境內(nèi)設(shè)立和營(yíng)業(yè)的下列金融機(jī)構(gòu)：（一）總行在中國(guó)境內(nèi)的外國(guó)資本銀行（以下簡(jiǎn)稱外資銀行）（二）外國(guó)銀行在中國(guó)境內(nèi)的分行（以下簡(jiǎn)稱外資銀行分行）（三）外國(guó)的金融機(jī)構(gòu)同中國(guó)的金融機(jī)構(gòu)在中國(guó)境內(nèi)合資經(jīng)營(yíng)的銀行（以下簡(jiǎn)稱合資銀行）（四）總公司在中國(guó)境內(nèi)的外國(guó)資本的財(cái)務(wù)公司（以下簡(jiǎn)稱外資財(cái)務(wù)公司）（五）外國(guó)的金融機(jī)構(gòu)同中國(guó)的金融機(jī)構(gòu)在中國(guó)境內(nèi)合資經(jīng)營(yíng)的財(cái)務(wù)公司（以下簡(jiǎn)稱合資財(cái)務(wù)公司）例3 When existing Chinese-foreign equity joint ventures, Chinese-foreign cooperative joint ventures and wholly foreign-owned enterprises (hereinafter referred to as “enterprises with foreign investment”) apply to reorganize themselves into a company, the enterprises with foreign investment shall have a record of making profits for the recent three consecutive years.

已設(shè)立的中外合資經(jīng)營(yíng)企業(yè)、中外合作經(jīng)營(yíng)企業(yè)，外資企業(yè)（以下稱為外商投資企業(yè)），如申請(qǐng)轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)楣镜模瑧?yīng)有最近連續(xù)3年的盈利紀(jì)錄。例4 To apply for the establishment of an investment company, the investor shall submit the following documents to the Ministry of Foreign Trade and Economic Cooperation (hereinafter referred to as MOFTEC) for examination and approval after the examination and consent obtained from the foreign trade and economic cooperation authorities of the related province, autonomous region, municipalities directly under the Central Government or the municipalities specifically (separately) listed in the State Economic Plan in which the investment company is to be located.

申請(qǐng)?jiān)O(shè)立投資公司，投資者應(yīng)將下列文件經(jīng)擬設(shè)立投資公司所在地的省、自治區(qū)、直轄市、計(jì)劃單列市外經(jīng)貿(mào)部門審核同意后，報(bào)對(duì)外貿(mào)易經(jīng)濟(jì)合作部（以下簡(jiǎn)稱外經(jīng)貿(mào)部）審查批準(zhǔn)。例5 These Regulations are formulated and prepared in accordance with the Company Law of the People’s Republic of China (hereinafter referred to as the Company Law) in order to affirm the qualifications of enterprise legal persons of companies and standardize the registration activities of companies.

為了確認(rèn)公司的企業(yè)法人資格，規(guī)范公司登記行為，依據(jù)《中華人民共和國(guó)公司法》（以下簡(jiǎn)稱《公司法》），制定本條例。例6 In order to further expand international economic co-operation and technological exchange, to absorb foreign investment and to promote the development of socialist market economy, foreign companies, enterprises and other economic organizations or individuals (hereinafter referred to as foreign shareholders) and Chinese companies, enterprises and other economic organizations (hereinafter referred to as Chinese shareholders) may, within the territory of China, on the principle of equality and mutual benefit, incorporate themselves into a company limited by shares with foreign investment (hereinafter referred to as the Company).為進(jìn)一步擴(kuò)大國(guó)際經(jīng)濟(jì)合作和技術(shù)交流，引進(jìn)外資，促進(jìn)社會(huì)主義市場(chǎng)經(jīng)濟(jì)的發(fā)展，外國(guó)的公司、企業(yè)和其他經(jīng)濟(jì)組織或個(gè)人（以下簡(jiǎn)稱外國(guó)股東），按照平等互利的原則，可與中國(guó)的公司、企業(yè)或其他經(jīng)濟(jì)組織（以下簡(jiǎn)稱中國(guó)股東）在中國(guó)境內(nèi)共同舉辦外商投資股份有限公司（以下簡(jiǎn)稱公司）。例7 In order to promote foreign investment in China and to introduce foreign advanced technology and managerial expertise, foreign investors are permitted to establish investment companies (hereinafter referred to as “investment company”) in China in accordance with the Chinese laws and regulations governing foreign investment and these Regulations.

為了促進(jìn)外國(guó)投資者來(lái)華投資，引進(jìn)國(guó)外先進(jìn)技術(shù)和管理經(jīng)驗(yàn)，允許外國(guó)投資者根據(jù)中國(guó)有關(guān)外國(guó)投資的法律、法規(guī)及本規(guī)定，在中國(guó)設(shè)立投資公司（以下簡(jiǎn)稱投資公司）。例8 These Detailed Rules shall apply to the resident representative offices set up within the territory of the People’s Republic of China by foreign traders, manufacturers, shipping agents, contractors, consultant companies, advertising agencies, investment companies, leasing companies and other economic entities (hereinafter called “foreign enterprises”).

本實(shí)施細(xì)則適用于外國(guó)貿(mào)易商、制造廠商、貨運(yùn)代理商、承包商、咨詢公司、廣告公司、投資公司、租賃公司和其他經(jīng)濟(jì)貿(mào)易組織（以下簡(jiǎn)稱外國(guó)企業(yè)）在中華人民共和國(guó)境內(nèi)設(shè)立的常駐代表機(jī)構(gòu)。例9 A foreign enterprise applying for the establishment of its resident representative office in the territory of the People’s Republic of China shall, upon approval and consent by the Ministry of Foreign Trade and Economic Cooperation or its authorized Commissions for Foreign Trade and Economic Relations (hereinafter called the “Examination-Approval Authorities) of the provinces, autonomous regions, municipalities directly under the Central Government and the municipalities specifically (separately) listed in the State Economic Plan, register with the State Administration for Industry and Commerce or its authorized Administrations for Industry and Commerce (hereinafter called the “registration authorities) of the provinces, autonomous regions, municipalities directly under the Central Government and the municipalities specifically (separately) listed in the State Economic Plan.外國(guó)企業(yè)申請(qǐng)?jiān)谥腥A人民共和國(guó)境內(nèi)成立常設(shè)代表機(jī)構(gòu)，應(yīng)經(jīng)對(duì)外貿(mào)易經(jīng)濟(jì)合作部或其授權(quán)的各省、自治區(qū)、直轄市及計(jì)劃單列市對(duì)外經(jīng)濟(jì)貿(mào)易委員會(huì)（廳）（以下簡(jiǎn)稱審批機(jī)關(guān)）批準(zhǔn)，并在中華人民共和國(guó)國(guó)家工商行政管理局或其授權(quán)的各省、自治區(qū)、直轄市及計(jì)劃單列市工商行政管理局（以下簡(jiǎn)稱登記機(jī)關(guān)）辦理登記手續(xù)。

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六 therein 英文釋義:in that; in that particular; in that respect中文譯詞:在那里；在那點(diǎn)上，在那方面用法:在表示上文已提及的“合同中的……，工程中的……”等時(shí)使用。例如表示“修補(bǔ)工程中的缺陷”：“the remedying of any defects therein”，此處therein表示“in the Works”；表示“用于工程中的材料或機(jī)械設(shè)備”：“materials or pl?ant for incorporation therein”，這里的therein表示“in the Works”。語(yǔ)法：置于所修飾詞后,緊鄰修飾詞。例1 “Temporary Works” means all temporary works of every kind (other than the Contractor’s Equipment) required in or about the execution and completion of the Works and the remedying of any defects therein.

臨時(shí)工程是指在工程施工、竣工和修補(bǔ)工程中任何缺陷時(shí)需要或與上述工程階段有關(guān)的所有各種臨時(shí)工程，但承包人的設(shè)備除外。例2 The contractor shall not, without the prior consent of the Employer, assign the Contract or any part thereof, or any benefit or interest therein or thereunder, otherwise than by:

沒(méi)有業(yè)主的事先同意，承包人不得將合同或合同的任何部分，或合同中或合同名下的任何利益或好處進(jìn)行轉(zhuǎn)讓，但下列情況除外：例3 This Note means the Note mentioned in the Loan Agreement and is entitled to all the benefits provided therein. This refers to the rights and obligations therein of advance payments, default and acceleration of the maturity in the event of default.本期票是貸款協(xié)議中所指的期票，享有貸款協(xié)議規(guī)定的全部利益，是指貸款協(xié)議中規(guī)定的預(yù)付、違約及因違約提前到期的權(quán)利和義務(wù)。例4 A certificate of the Borrower shall, substantially, comply with the form set forth in Appendix 4, and the attachments specified therein.

借款人證明書，其格式基本上應(yīng)遵照附錄4規(guī)定的格式及其規(guī)定的附件。例5 If, at any time, an exemption shall be obtained from any such present or future taxes of any nature whatsoever imposed by local authorities or any political subdivision or taxing authorities thereof or therein as shall, under the Contract, be due in respect of any payment or payments, the Borrower shall promptly deliver to the Agent a copy of the certified documents evidencing the exemption in question.任何時(shí)候，如果由當(dāng)?shù)鼗蚱淙魏握种C(jī)構(gòu)或稅收當(dāng)局，對(duì)任何根據(jù)合同規(guī)定所支付費(fèi)用應(yīng)予以征收的稅款，不論什么性質(zhì)，現(xiàn)在或?qū)?lái)，凡可以免征的，借款人應(yīng)及時(shí)向代理行遞交一份證明上述免稅文件的副本。例6 Where enterprises with foreign investment were registered with the State Administration for Industry and Commerce before the promulgation of the Income Tax Law of the People’s Republic of China for Enterprises with Foreign Investment and Foreign Enterprises (hereinafter called the Tax Law), the enterprise in question shall pay income tax at the rates provided for therein.

在《中華人民共和國(guó)外商投資企業(yè)和外國(guó)企業(yè)所得稅法》（以下簡(jiǎn)稱稅法）公布前已經(jīng)辦理工商登記的外商投資企業(yè)，該企業(yè)應(yīng)按稅法規(guī)定的稅率繳納所得稅。例7 Where the Borrower has full power and authority to enter into this Agreement, to make the borrowings, to execute and deliver the Note and to incur the obligations provided for in this Agreement and therein, all the actions in question shall, properly and necessarily, be authorized by legal persons.

借款人有充分的權(quán)力訂立本協(xié)議，借貸資金、簽署票據(jù)并承擔(dān)由此而產(chǎn)生的義務(wù)，上述全部行為均應(yīng)經(jīng)法人適當(dāng)和必需的授權(quán)。例8 The Leasee shall, at his own expense, keep the commodity in good condition. Provided that the Leasor shall be responsible for the breakdown of the commodity and the Leasee may have the right to lodge claims against the Leasor for any losses occurred therein.

承租人必須自負(fù)費(fèi)用維持商品的良好狀況；除非由出租人對(duì)商品的故障負(fù)責(zé)，承租人則有權(quán)向出租人提出賠償因之所遭受的損失。例9 When documents other than transport documents, insurance documents and commercial invoices are required, the credit shall provide for the following items, such as, the persons (drawers) by whom the documents in question are to be issued and the wording therein or data content thereof. If the credit fails to so stipulate, and the data content in the documents presented makes it possible to relate to the goods and/ or services referred to in the credit, banks will accept such documents as presented.

當(dāng)信用證要求運(yùn)輸單據(jù)、保險(xiǎn)單據(jù)和商業(yè)發(fā)票以外的單據(jù)時(shí)，信用證應(yīng)規(guī)定該單據(jù)的出單人及其措辭或項(xiàng)目?jī)?nèi)容。如信用證雖無(wú)此規(guī)定，但提交的單據(jù)的項(xiàng)目?jī)?nèi)容可能證實(shí)與信用證中所述的貨物及/或服務(wù)有關(guān)聯(lián)，則銀行將予接受。例10 If any loss or damage happens to the Works, or any part thereof, or materials or Plant for incorporation therein, during the period for which the Contractor is responsible for the care thereof, from any cause whatsoever, other than the risks defined in Sub-Clause 20.4, the Contractor shall, at his own cost, rectify such loss or damage so that the Permanent Works conform in every respect with the provisions of the Contract to the satisfaction of the Engineer.

在承包人負(fù)責(zé)照管工程期間，如果工程或其任何部分或材料或用于工程中的設(shè)備，除第20.4款所規(guī)定的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)外，不管由于任何原因而遭受損失或損壞，承包人應(yīng)自費(fèi)彌補(bǔ)此類損失或損壞，以使永久工程在各方面均符合合同的規(guī)定，并達(dá)到工程師滿意的程度。

七. Thereof 英文釋義: of that, of it 中文譯詞:由此,其用法:在表示已提及的“人或事的……”時(shí)，為避免重復(fù)，可使用該詞，比如表示“合同條件、條款”時(shí)，可譯為“the terms, conditions and provisions thereof”，此處的thereof表示“of the Contract”；表示“工程任何部分”，可譯為“any parts thereof”，這里的thereof表示“of the Works”。語(yǔ)法：置于所修飾詞后,緊鄰修飾詞。例1： When the Buyer is entitled to determine the time within a specified period and /or the place of taking delivery, the Buyer in question shall give the Seller the notice thereof.

買方有權(quán)確定在規(guī)定期限內(nèi)提取貨物的時(shí)間和/或地點(diǎn)時(shí)，應(yīng)給賣方有關(guān)這方面的通知。例2 The collection of tax or the cessation thereof, the reduction, exemption and refund of tax as well as the payment of tax unpaid shall, in accordance with the provisions of the relevant law, be implemented. Provided that if the State Council is authorized by the law to formulate and prepare the relevant provisions of the regulations, the provisions in question shall be implemented and complied with.稅收的開(kāi)征、停征以及減稅、免稅、退稅、補(bǔ)稅，依照法律的規(guī)定執(zhí)行；法律授權(quán)國(guó)務(wù)院規(guī)定的，依照國(guó)務(wù)院制定的行政法規(guī)的規(guī)定執(zhí)行。例3 The Party applying for arbitration shall submit to an arbitration commission the arbitration agreement, the application for arbitration and the copies thereof.當(dāng)事人申請(qǐng)仲裁，應(yīng)當(dāng)向仲裁委員會(huì)遞交仲裁協(xié)議、仲裁申請(qǐng)書及副本。例4 “Tests on Completion” means such tests specified in the Contract or otherwise agreed by and between the Engineer and the Contractor as shall be made by the Contractor before the Employer takes over the Works or any section or part thereof.竣工檢驗(yàn)指合同規(guī)定的或由工程師與承包人另行商定的檢驗(yàn)。這些檢驗(yàn)是由承包人在業(yè)主接收工程或工程任何部分、區(qū)段之前進(jìn)行的。例5 The collection order shall give specific instructions regarding the protest (or shall take other legal process in lieu thereof), in the event of non-acceptance or non-payment.In the absence of such specific instructions, the banks concerned with the collection shall have no obligation to provide the protest (or to take other legal process in lieu thereof) when the banks in question experience non-acceptance and non-payment.Any charges and /or expenses incurred by the banks in connection with such protest or other legal process shall be borne by the principal.

托收指示應(yīng)對(duì)于在遭到拒絕承兌或拒絕付款時(shí)，是否需要作出拒絕證書（或采取其它替代法律手續(xù)）給予特別指示。如無(wú)此項(xiàng)特別指示，與托收有關(guān)的各銀行在遭到拒絕付款或拒絕承兌時(shí)，并無(wú)義務(wù)作出拒絕證書（或采取其它替代法律手續(xù)）。銀行由于作出拒絕證書或采取其它法律手續(xù)而發(fā)生的手續(xù)費(fèi)或費(fèi)用概由委托人負(fù)擔(dān)。例6 If the Seller makes the specification himself, he shall inform the Buyer of the details thereof and shall determine a reasonable time within which the Buyer may make a different specification. If, after receipt of the communication in question, the Buyer fails to do so within the time so determined, the specification made by the Seller shall be binding.

如果賣方自己制訂規(guī)格，他必須將所制訂的規(guī)格的細(xì)節(jié)通知買方，而且必須規(guī)定一段合理時(shí)間，讓買方可以在該段時(shí)間內(nèi)制訂出不同的規(guī)格。如果買方在收到該通知后沒(méi)有在該段時(shí)間內(nèi)這樣做，則賣方所訂的規(guī)格應(yīng)具有約束力。例7 This Law shall apply to limited liability companies with foreign investment. Unless otherwise specified by the laws on Sino-foreign equity joint venture enterprises, Sino-foreign co-operative joint venture enterprises and wholly foreign-owned enterprises, the provisions thereof shall apply to them.

外商投資的有限責(zé)任公司適用本法，有關(guān)中外合資經(jīng)營(yíng)企業(yè)、中外合作經(jīng)營(yíng)企業(yè)、外資企業(yè)的法律另有規(guī)定的，適用其規(guī)定。例8 “Time for Completion” means such time for completing the execution of the Works and passing the Tests on Completion of the Works or any Section or part thereof as is specified in the Contract from the Commencement Date.竣工時(shí)間是指合同規(guī)定從工程開(kāi)工日期算起到工程或其任何部分或區(qū)段施工結(jié)束并且通過(guò)竣工檢驗(yàn)的時(shí)間。例9 The Employer shall, prior to the submission by the Contractor of the Tender, have made available to the Contractor, such data on hydrological and subsurface conditions as have been obtained by the Employer or the Representative on behalf of the Employer from the investigations into the Works provided that the Contractor shall be responsible for his own interpretation thereof.

在承包人提交投標(biāo)書之前，業(yè)主應(yīng)向承包人提供由業(yè)主或業(yè)主代表根據(jù)對(duì)該項(xiàng)工程的勘察所取得的水文地質(zhì)資料，但是承包人應(yīng)對(duì)他自己對(duì)上述資料的解釋負(fù)責(zé)。例10 If this Agreement is terminated for any reason whatsoever, all such drawings, transparencies, specifications, and any other manufacturing or engineering information as are supplied by Party A, including all the copies thereof, shall be returned to Party A, and Party B shall cease to manufacture the said Licensed Products or Components, or parts of the Licensed Products.

如本協(xié)議因任何理由而終止，所有由甲方提供的圖紙、圖片、規(guī)格以及其它全部生產(chǎn)和操作資料，包括全部復(fù)制品，均返還甲方，同時(shí)，乙方應(yīng)停止生產(chǎn)上述許可證產(chǎn)品、或部件、或零件。八. thereafter, thereto, therewith, therefor, thereunder1) thereafter: after that此后；之后2）thereto: to that 隨附；附之3）therewith: with that 與此；與之4）therefor: for that 因之；為此5）thereunder: under that 在其下；依照用法: 本節(jié)提及的各詞，其用法與上面七節(jié)談及的一樣，主要強(qiáng)調(diào)的是“that”。如果強(qiáng)調(diào)的是“this”，則要用hereafter, hereto, herewith和hereof等。語(yǔ)法：緊接所修飾詞之后。例1： The decision and award of the arbitration tribunal shall be final, and the judgment on the decision and award in question may, under the request of either party to the Contract, be made by any court having jurisdiction. The parties thereto shall, in good faith, comply with the decision and award of the arbitration tribunal.仲裁庭的仲裁決定或裁決是終局的，任何一方可以要求任何有管轄權(quán)的法院對(duì)此作出司法判決。雙方須以良好誠(chéng)信的態(tài)度遵守仲裁庭的決定。例2： "Patented Technology” means such letters patent, and application therefore as are presently owned or acquired in the future by Party B and /or as Party B has or may have the right to control or ｇｒａｎｔ license thereof during the effective period of this Contract in any or all countries of the world, and as are applicable to or may be used in the manufacture of this Contract Products.“專利技術(shù)”，系指乙方目前擁有的或未來(lái)獲得的和/或有權(quán)或可能有權(quán)控制的，或在本合同有效期間在世界任何國(guó)家許可轉(zhuǎn)讓的，適用于或可能適用于制造本合同產(chǎn)品的專利和專利申請(qǐng)。例3： “Contract Products” means the products specified in Appendix 2 to this Contract, together with all improvements and modifications thereof or developments with respect thereto.“合同產(chǎn)品”，系指本合同附件2中規(guī)定的產(chǎn)品及其改進(jìn)發(fā)展的產(chǎn)品。例4：“Specifications” means the specifications of the Works included in the Contract and such any modification thereof or addition thereto as are made under Clause 95 or as are submitted by the Contractor and approved by the Engineer.

規(guī)范是指合同中包括的工程規(guī)范，以及根據(jù)第95條規(guī)定的或由承包商提出并經(jīng)工程師批準(zhǔn)的對(duì)規(guī)范的任何修改或增補(bǔ)。例5： The Defects Liability Certificate for the Works shall, within 28 days after the expiration of the Defects Liability Period, be issued by the Engineer, or, if different defects liability periods become applicable to different Section or parts of the Permanent Works, the expiration of the latest such period, or if, pursuant to Clause 82, any works instructed are completed to the satisfaction of the Engineer, the Defects Liability Certificate therefor shall be issued by the Engineer as soon as possible.

工程的缺陷責(zé)任證書應(yīng)由工程師在缺陷責(zé)任期終止后28天內(nèi)頒發(fā)，或者，如果不同的缺陷責(zé)任期適用永久工程的不同區(qū)段或部分時(shí)，則在最后一個(gè)缺陷責(zé)任期終止或根據(jù)第82條，在任何按指示進(jìn)行的工程已完成并達(dá)到工程師滿意之后盡快簽發(fā)。例6： The Borrower shall pay for the account of the Banks a commitment fee of one half of one percent (0.5%) per annum on the Total Loan Commitment. The commitment fee shall be paid from the date of the conclusion of the Contract (inclusive) to the earlier day of the Disbursement Date and the Termination Date (but excluding the day in question). The commitment fee shall quarterly be paid from the date in the third month thereafter to the earlier day of the Disbursement Date and the Termination Date.借款人每年應(yīng)支付銀行貸款承諾總額0.5%的承諾費(fèi)。支付時(shí)間從簽訂合同之日起（包括該日在內(nèi)），到貸款發(fā)放日和終止日中較早之日（但不包括該日在內(nèi)）為止，從其后第3個(gè)月的該日起開(kāi)始按季支付至發(fā)放日與終止日中較早之日。例7： If one or more of the following events of default (hereinafter called “Event of Default\") occurs or occur or continues or continue, the Agent and the Bank shall be entitled to the remedies specified in Sub-Clause 11.2 of the Agreement.(a) The Borrower fails to pay any amount payable thereunder as and when such amount shall become payable.

如果發(fā)生下列一種或一種以上違約事件（以下稱違約事件），或該違約事件正在繼續(xù)，代理行以及各行應(yīng)行使第11.2款規(guī)定的救濟(jì)方法。（1）借款人未能支付根據(jù)該協(xié)議規(guī)定到期應(yīng)付的款項(xiàng)。

九. Whereas 釋義: considering that, 鑒于，就......而論（法律用語(yǔ)）用法: 常用于合同協(xié)議書的開(kāi)頭段落中，以引出合同雙方要訂立合同的理由或依據(jù)。語(yǔ)法：緊接于要修飾詞之前，常位于句首。例1：Whereas Party B has the right and agrees to ｇｒａｎｔ Party A the rights to use, manufacture and sell the Contract Products of Patented Technology;Whereas Party A desires to use the Patented Technology of Party B to manufacture and sell the Contract Products;The Representatives authorized by the Parties to this Contract have, through friendly negotiation, agreed to enter into this Contract under the terms, conditions and provisions specified as follows:鑒于乙方有權(quán)并同意將專利技術(shù)的合同產(chǎn)品的使用權(quán)、制造權(quán)和銷售權(quán)授予甲方；鑒于甲方希望利用乙方的專利技術(shù)制造并銷售合同的產(chǎn)品；雙方授權(quán)代表經(jīng)友好協(xié)商，同意就以下條款簽訂本合同：例2： Whereas Party A possesses proprietary technical information including designs, techniques, workmanship, formulas, skills and other data useful in the manufacture and marketing of certain products; andWhereas Party B desires to acquire the right and licence to use the above-mentioned technical assistance for the purpose of manufacturing, using and selling such products; andWhereas Party B desires to use the following trademarks owned by Party A.Now Therefore, the parties hereto do hereby agree on the contents of the agreement as follows:鑒于甲方擁有合同產(chǎn)品的生產(chǎn)及銷售所涉及的技術(shù)信息，包括設(shè)計(jì)、技術(shù)、工藝、配方、技能和其他資料的專有權(quán)；鑒于乙方以生產(chǎn)、使用和銷售合同產(chǎn)品為目的，希望獲得使用上述協(xié)助的許可權(quán)利；鑒于乙方希望使用甲方所有的下述商標(biāo)；雙方茲就下列內(nèi)容達(dá)成一致：例3： Whereas the Borrower proposes to borrow from the Banks, and the Banks, severally but not jointly, propose to lend to the Borrower, an aggregate amount of $50,000,000, the Parties hereto have hereby made and concluded this Agreement as follows:鑒于借款人提出從銀行借款，各銀行分別但不連帶地向借款人貸款，總額為$50,000,000（5000萬(wàn)美元），當(dāng)事人協(xié)議如下：例4： Whereas the Borrower has requested the Bank to extend to the Borrower a term loan in the principal amount of One Million US Dollars (US $1,000,000) under the terms, conditions and provisions of this Agreement; andWhereas the Bank is prepared to make such a loan available to the Borrower under the terms, conditions and provisions of this Agreement;Now Therefore, in consideration of the mutual promises contained herein, the Parties hereto do hereby agree on the contents of the agreement as follows:

鑒于借款人根據(jù)本協(xié)議規(guī)定的條件和款項(xiàng)，已向銀行要求向借款人提供一筆本金為100萬(wàn)美元（US$ 1,000,000）的定期貸款；鑒于銀行根據(jù)本協(xié)議規(guī)定的條件和款項(xiàng)，已準(zhǔn)備向借款人提供此項(xiàng)定期貸款；據(jù)此，以雙方相互承諾為對(duì)價(jià)，就下述內(nèi)容達(dá)成一致。例5： Whereas Party A and Party B, adhering to the principle of equality and mutual benefit and through friendly consultation, agree to jointly invest to establish a new joint venture company in China (hereinafter referred as “Joint Venture”). The Contract hereunder is made and concluded.

鑒于甲方與乙方按照平等互利的原則，經(jīng)過(guò)友好協(xié)商，決定共同投資在中國(guó)建立合資經(jīng)營(yíng)公司（以下稱“合資企業(yè)”），為此達(dá)成如下合同。

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十. whereby釋義: by the agreement; by the following terms and conditions, etc. 憑此協(xié)議, 憑此條款等 用法: 常用于合同協(xié)議書中，以引出合同當(dāng)事人應(yīng)承擔(dān)的主要合同義務(wù)。語(yǔ)法: 緊接于要修飾詞之后。例1：For the purposes of these articles, the expressions “Documentary Letter(s) of Credit” and “Standby Letter(s) of Credit” used herein (hereinafter referred to as Credit(s), mean an arrangement or an agreement, whatever named or described, whereby a bank (the issuing bank), acting at the request and on the instructions of a customer (the applicant for the credit),(i) will make payments to or to the order of a third party (the beneficiary), or will pay or accept bills of exchange (drafts) drawn by the beneficiary, or(ii) will authorize another bank to effect such payment, or will pay, accept or negotiate such bill of exchange (drafts), against stipulated documents.注釋：（1） Documentary Letter(s) of Credit” and “Standby Letter(s) of Credit”：“跟單信用證”和“備用信用證”（2） mean an arrangement or an agreement：意指一項(xiàng)約定（3） whereby：根據(jù)此約定，憑此協(xié)議（4） the issuing bank：開(kāi)證行（5） the applicant for the credit：信用證申請(qǐng)人（6） the order of a third party (the beneficiary)：第三方指定人（受益人）（7） accept bills of exchange (drafts)：承兌匯票（8） negotiate such bill of exchange (drafts)：議付該匯票參考譯文：就本條文而言，文中使用的“跟單信用證”和“備用信用證”（以下稱“信用證”），不論如何命名或描述，意指一項(xiàng)約定，根據(jù)此約定，銀行（開(kāi)證行）依照客戶（信用證申請(qǐng)人）的要求和指示，根據(jù)規(guī)定的單據(jù)，（i）向第三方（受益人）或其指定人進(jìn)行付款，或支付或承兌受益人開(kāi)立的匯票，或（ii）授權(quán)另一家銀行進(jìn)行該項(xiàng)付款，或支付承兌或議付該匯票。例2：A sales contract refers to a contract whereby the seller transfers the ownership of an object to the buyer and the buyer pays the price for the object.參考譯文：買賣合同是出賣人轉(zhuǎn)讓標(biāo)的物的所有權(quán)于買受人，買受人支付價(jià)款的合同。例3：A contract for supply and use of electricity refers to a contract whereby the supplier of electricity supplies electricity to the user of electricity, and the user of electricity pays the electric fee.參考譯文：供用電合同是供電人向用電人供電，用電人支付電費(fèi)的合同。例4：A donation contract refers to a contract whereby the donator donates gratis its property to the donee, and the donee expresses the acception of the donation.參考譯文：贈(zèng)與合同是贈(zèng)與人將自己的財(cái)產(chǎn)無(wú)償給予受贈(zèng)人，受贈(zèng)人表示接受贈(zèng)與的合同。

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